Increased Dead Space Is Significant, And So Is Increased Breathing Resistance
Reason #146 that Face Masks Hurt Kids
Dear Reader,
The wearing of a face mask to protect against a respiratory virus is an act of grand deceit. It is a behavior that defies research on the topic. Wearing a face mask, as this article (one of many) points to — is unsafe to do and is ineffective.
Until the narrative around mandatory masking has changed, each day by 6am Eastern, I will both post here and send out a science-based reason why no one should wear a face mask.
I ask that you help me circulate these pieces to those around you who you believe could most benefit from them. It is important not to remain silent on this topic. These are important discussions to be having with friends, family members, business owners, healthcare practitioners, public servants, and others in the community.
-Allan
Dead space volume is increased by mask wearing. It even doubles for some face mask wearers.
Kai Kisielinski, in an April 20, 2021 article entitled “Is a Mask That Covers the Mouth and Nose Free from Undesirable Side Effects in Everyday Use and Free of Potential Hazards?” writes:1
“The average dead space volume during breathing in adults is approximately 150–180 mL and is significantly increased when wearing a mask covering the mouth and nose.2 With an N95 mask, for example, the dead space volume of approximately 98–168 mL was determined in an experimental study.3 This corresponds to a mask-related dead space increase of approximately 65 to 112% for adults and, thus, almost a doubling.”
This amount of increase in dead space by wearing an allegedly “safe” N95 mask, reduced the gas exchange volume available to the lungs by 37%. Kisielinski continues:
“At a respiratory rate of 12 per minute, the pendulum volume respiration with such a mask would, thus, be at least 2.9–3.8 L per minute. Therefore, the dead space amassed by the mask causes a relative reduction in the gas exchange volume available to the lungs per breath by 37%.4 This largely explains the impairment of respiratory physiology reported in our work and the resulting side effects of all types of masks in everyday use in healthy and sick people (increase in respiratory rate, increase in heart rate, decrease in oxygen saturation, increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure, fatigue, headaches, dizziness, impaired thinking, etc.).”5,6
The dead space volume is significant, but so is the added breathing resistance, as stated elsewhere in these pages. Kisielinski writes:
“In addition to the effect of increased dead space volume breathing, however, maskrelated breathing resistance is also of exceptional importance.6,7
“Experiments show an increase in airway resistance by a remarkable 126% on inhalation and 122% on exhalation with an N95 mask.4 Experimental studies have also shown that moisturization of the mask (N95) increases the breathing resistance by a further 3%5 and can, thus, increase the airway resistance up to 2.3 times the normal value.
“This clearly shows the importance of the airway resistance of a mask. Here, the mask acts as a disturbance factor in breathing and makes the observed compensatory reactions with an increase in breathing frequency and simultaneous feeling of breathlessness plausible (increased work of the respiratory muscles). This extra strain due to the amplified work of breathing against bigger resistance caused by the masks also leads to intensified exhaustion with a rise in heart rate and increased CO2 production. Fittingly, in our review of the studies on side effects of masks, we also found a percentage clustering of significant respiratory impairment and a significant drop in oxygen saturation (in about 75% of all study results).”
The mask acts as “a disturbance factor in breathing,” affecting heart, lungs, and beyond. There is no good reason to wear a mask and plenty of good reasons not to wear a mask.
Kisielinski K, Giboni P, Prescher A, et al. Is a Mask That Covers the Mouth and Nose Free from Undesirable Side Effects in Everyday Use and Free of Potential Hazards? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(8):4344. doi:10.3390/ijerph18084344.
Johnson, A.T.; Scott, W.H.; Lausted, C.G.; Coyne, K.M.; Sahota, M.S.; Johnson, M.M. Effect of External Dead Volume on Performance While Wearing a Respirator. AIHAJ-Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. 2000, 61, 678–684.
Xu, M.; Lei, Z.; Yang, J. Estimating the Dead Space Volume between a Headform and N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Using Microsoft Kinect. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2015, 12, 538–546.
Lee, H.P.; Wang, D.Y. Objective Assessment of Increase in Breathing Resistance of N95 Respirators on Human Sub-jects. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2011, 55, 917–921.
Roberge, R.; Bayer, E.; Powell, J.; Coca, A.; Roberge, M.; Benson, S. Effect of Exhaled Moisture on Breathing Resistance of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2010, 54, 671–677.
Johnson, A.T. Respirator Masks Protect Health but Impact Performance: A Review. J. Biol. Eng. 2016, 10, 4.
Kyung, S.Y.; Kim, Y.; Hwang, H.; Park, J.-W.; Jeong, S.H. Risks of N95 Face Mask Use in Subjects with COPD. Respir. Care 2020, 65, 658–664.
The bestselling book "Face Masks In One Lesson" by Allan Stevo describes how to never wear a face mask again. The follow-up to the book, "Face Masks Hurt Kids," describes why to never wear a face mask again. We must defeat the awful, narrative around the mandates.
Examples of how face masks hurt kids will be posted to the Lockdown Land Substack each morning by 6am Eastern until the narrative around this ineffective and harmful medical intervention has shifted. Face masks are, in fact, not just harmful to children. Face masks are harmful to everyone. Thank you so much for helping me circulate this research.